Surface code introduction: Fowler, et al., Phys. Rev. A 86, 032324 (2012)
Measure qubit reset and leakage removal: McEwen, et al., Nature Communications 12, 1761 (2021)
Data qubit leakage removal: Miao, McEwen, et al., Nature Physics 19, 1780–1786 (2023)
Measuring high-energy impact events: McEwen, et al., Nature Physics 18, 107–111 (2022)
Gap-engineered resistance to impact events: McEwen, Miao, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 240601 (2024)
Repetition code and distance-2 surface code: Google Quantum AI, Nature 595, 383–387 (2021)
Distance-3 and distance-5 surface codes: Google Quantum AI, Nature 614, 676–681 (2023)
Distance-7 surface code: Google Quantum AI, Nature 638, 920–926 (2025)
Willow spec sheet: https://blog.google/technology/research/google-willow-quantum-chip/